GHK-Cu
Copper-binding tripeptide
Also known as: Copper Peptide, Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper
A naturally occurring copper-binding peptide widely used in topical skincare for regeneration and anti-aging, with reasonable dermatological evidence for topical use.
Reasonable evidence for topical skin benefits; systemic/injectable claims are far less substantiated.
Some human RCTs, but limited size, replication, or scope.
Intended use
Topical skin repair, wound healing, anti-aging, and hair support; injectable use is off-label/research.
Mechanism of action
Binds copper ions and modulates gene expression related to collagen synthesis, antioxidant defense, and tissue remodeling.
Reported benefits
Collagen & skin repair
Topical use shown to improve skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles in dermatology studies.
Wound healing
Promotes remodeling and repair in wound-healing research.
Antioxidant support
Modulates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways.
Risks & side effects
Skin irritation
low riskPossible irritation or sensitivity with topical use.
Copper accumulation
moderate riskExcess copper exposure is a theoretical concern with systemic use.
Research & citations
Studies are ordered by design strength. Dots indicate the rigor of each study type — meta-analyses and double-blind RCTs rank highest, case reports and in vitro work lowest.
- Copper peptide and cosmetic dermatology
Improved skin appearance and elasticity with topical copper peptide.
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2007 · n = ~70
Double-blind RCT - GHK-Cu peptide in tissue remodeling and anti-aging
Modulates expression of genes involved in tissue repair and antioxidant defense.
BioMed Research International · 2015 · n = Cell / gene expression
In vitro
Legal status by region
Regulatory status varies widely and changes often. Verify against current local law before acting.
| Region | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| United States | Over the counter | Legal in topical cosmetics; injectable forms are unapproved. |
| European Union | Over the counter | Permitted as a cosmetic ingredient. |
| United Kingdom | Over the counter | Available in cosmetic skincare. |
Sourcing & prescribing
Where a compound can legally be obtained, and who is able to prescribe it.
- Legal
Retail skincare (topical)
Widely sold in serums and creams.
- Gray area
Research-chemical vendors (injectable)
Injectable GHK-Cu sold 'for research use only'.
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